French Language and Culture from 1500 to1900 Assignment

French Language and Culture from 1500 to1900 - Assignment Example America was regarded as a land of wonder, romance, gold, and adventure. The new country unveiled the secrets of the barbarous continent, but the Frenchmen pierced the forests, mapped and traced out streams, built their forts, planted their emblems and claimed their own territories (Eacott 2015 pp. 69). The new country offered great opportunities for spiritual welfare. Priests and monks were brought alongside the soldiers to offer spiritual nourishment to the Indians and save their souls. When Henry the Second was on the throne, France desired to get a share of the rich new world of which the Spanish and Portuguese arrogance claimed the monopoly. The desire of France saw her not only send Frenchmen only but also Protestant Frenchmen. The importance of them being Protestants was for the sake of evangelism, as well as disguising their identity for acceptability. The Frenchmen and the Protestant Frenchmen were sent to plant the fleur-de-lis on the New World’s shores. In the name of King, two vessels were prepared for the big journey. The emigration’s body was the Huguenots, mixed with young nobles, poor, idle and restless, with piratical sailors from the Breton and Norman seaports and reckless artisans. They entered the harbor of Rio Janeiro, which was then named Guanabara and built huts for their accommodation (Miller 592). The anticipation for future triumphs was evident in them. According to Dubois (2004 pp. 36), a black and deadly potent cloud was thickening over France in the year 1562. A problem was brewing and was inclined towards religious wars. It was impossible for anyone to pierce the future, not to mention contemplating it. The wide range of hate and fanaticism, brother fighting brother, friend fighting friend, son with father made the future dark. Spain, on the other hand, watched and waited to crush and trample any hope of humanity.  

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - Essay Example These revisions ensured that the US could stop Chinese immigration and that this ban would last for 10 years. This law was later repealed in 1943. However despite such repeal, the act already implemented policies and set a precedent on the appropriate actions and attitudes which could be taken against the Chinese. This paper shall discuss the Chinese Exclusion Act has become the starting point and how it has resulted to decades of anti-Chinese sentiment. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear and comprehensive understanding of the implications and the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act and how it has managed to continue to bear impact on the current attitudes and perceptions of Americans against the Chinese. Due to the California Gold Rush which lasted from 1848 to 1855, Chinese immigration to America started and this continued with the building of the first railroad systems (Kanazawa 780). In the early years of the Gold Rush where there was plenty of surface gold, tolerance for the Chinese was relatively high. In fact, because they were hard and persevering workers, they were easily accepted. However, as gold became harder to find and competition also increased, the tolerance for the Chinese and other foreigners was significantly decreased (Liu 152). At one point, many of them were even forcefully removed from the mines. These Chinese later settled in groups in various California cities, including San Francisco, taking in all sorts of odd jobs like laundry and working restaurants (Liu153). As a decline in the economy became apparent at the end of the Civil War, anti-Chinese sentiments became political issues raised by labor leader Denis Kearney and by then California Governor John Bigler (Murphy 458). These politicians attributed blame for lower wages to the Chinese ‘coolies.’ The Supreme Order of Caucasians which was a nationwide organization was also active in its anti-Chinese sentiments (Tian). As a result of the tension in the US involving the Chinese, the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act was passed. This Act posed a restriction on free immigration into the US, and the specific target of this restriction was the Chinese. This act specifically mandated that skilled and unskilled Chinese laborers involved in mining were barred from entering the US for ten years; and if found guilty, they would be imprisoned and deported (Kanazawa 779). This act did not lead to the restriction of the Chinese immigrants into the US, however, it also led to various incidents of violence against them. Those who wanted to immigrate into the US had to ask for their government’s certification that they were indeed qualified to immigrate and this permit was also difficult to avail from their government (Kanazawa 780). This Exclusion Act provided the seed for other Chinese exclusionary laws in the US (Volpp). This act did not just impact on the Chinese people, but also on other Asians who were already in the US. For Chinese already in the US, they had to go back to China and obtain certifications. This act made the Chinese permanent aliens who could also not seek American citizenship (Volpp). After the act was passed, the Chinese men in the US did not have much chance of reuniting with the families or of even starting new families in the US. The amendments in 1884 provided further changes; these changes allowed those who were already immigrants to leave and then return. It also clarified that the act was applicable to